![[3EID] Embodied Energy and Emission Intensity Data for Japan Using Input-Output Tables](../img/img_top1.jpg)
The embodied energy and emission intensity that takes into account global supply chains
The embodied energy and emission intensities (type (I-A)-1) provided in the Data file page of the 3EID include the environmental burdens associated with imports used as raw materials, machine parts, and other components in the supply of goods and services produced in Japan. These intensities employ a calculation method based on the so-called "domestic technology assumption (DTA)", which estimates the environmental burden from production of an import by assuming that it equals the environmental burden of a domestic product similar to the import. Although an advantage of DTA is that it allows reduced time and labor burdens of data compilation because of the lack of necessity for collection of environmental burden data on imports, it entails the risk of overestimation or underestimation of intensities if the production processes of imports and domestic products are significantly different, resulting in an estimate that deviates sharply from the actual environmental burden of the imports.
This Global Extension page introduces the embodied energy and emission intensity that takes into account global supply chains (embodied global-energy/emission intensity) of Japanese products, as estimated using the Global Link Input-Output (GLIO) Model*. Embodied global-energy/emission intensity expands the domestic system boundary considered in 3EID into a global system boundary that encompasses 231 countries and regions worldwide to calculate the environmental burden induced by the use of imports by applying, to the greatest degree possible, the technical characteristics of the exporters. In other words, this intensity more realistically reflects the environmental burden generated by Japan's goods and services in and outside the country through its globally expanding supply chains than the conventional intensity based on DTA (type (I-A)-1).
Embodied global-energy/emission intensity based on the GLIO model are accessible to the public in the form of electronic files as supporting information for the paper described below. Both the main text and supporting information of the paper are downloadable free of charge. They are expected to be useful for LCA and declaration of environmental burden such as carbon and environmental footprints.
Methodology and data used
Refer to the "Methods and Data" section in the main text of the paper above for methods and data that are useful for estimating the embodied global energy and emission intensities with the GLIO model.
Specifications of embodied global-energy/emission intensity
| Target year: | 2005 |
|---|---|
| Base price: | producer price |
| Number of sectors: | 406 sectors of Japanese domestic products |
| Types of environmental burden: | energy consumption, GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, HFCs, SF6), and air pollutants (NOx, SOx) |
Electronic files providing the embodied energy and emission intensities
1: List of intensities in .PDF format
The list of sectoral intensities (per million yen) by the type of environmental burdens is included as the Appendix beginning on page 26 of the supporting information of the paper. In addition, the supply chain composition of intensity (domestic direct, domestically induced, and overseas induced) is presented. The coefficient of variance of intensity is denoted as the indicator of uncertainty of intensity caused by the GLIO model structure.
2: List of intensities in .text format
The list in a PDF file is converted to a tab-separated value file for each type of environmental burden. The data are maintained in text format (.txt) to correspond to the sector names in Japanese, which can be dragged and dropped into a Microsoft Excel(R) worksheet to obtain a list of intensities in the same format as the list in the PDF file. The files are compressed in ZIP format.
How to cite
Credit the authors as shown in the citation example below when reporting analytical results or other studies that use these data at a conference or in an article.
Keisuke Nansai, Yasushi Kondo, Shigemi Kagawa , Sangwon Suh , Kenichi Nakajima, Rokuta Inaba, and Susumu Tohno (2012), Estimates of Embodied Global Energy and Air-Emission Intensities of Japanese Products for Building a Japanese Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment Database with a Global System Boundary, Environmental Science & Technology, 46(16), 9146-9154.
Other publications on the GLIO model
[1] Keisuke Nansai, Shigemi Kagawa, Yasushi Kondo, Sangwon Suh, Kenichi Nakajima, Rokuta Inaba, Yuko Oshita, Takashi Morimoto, Kazumasa Kawashima, Takuji Terakawa, and Susumu Tohno (2012) Characterization of economic requirements for a "carbon-debt-free country", Environmental Science & Technology, 46(1), 155-163.
Consumption-based GHG emissions of Japan in 2005 are estimated using the GLIO model. The GHG emission data compiled in this paper are used to calculate the embodied global energy and emission intensity with the GLIO model. Detailed descriptions of the GHG data compilation are provided in the supporting information of the paper.
[2] Keisuke Nansai, Shigemi Kagawa, Yasushi Kondo, Sangwon Suh, Rokuta Inaba and Kenichi Nakajima (2009) Improving the completeness of product carbon footprints using a global link input-output model: the case of Japan, Economic Systems Research, 21(3), 267-290. (awarded the Sir Richard Stone Prize by the International Input-Output Association (IIOA))
This paper, which first introduced the GLIO model structure, presented estimates of the global carbon intensities of Japanese products using pilot data of CO2emissions of the year 2000 and applied those results to carbon footprint analysis.
Conversion of the intensities to a consumer's price basis
Embodied global-energy/emission intensity based on a consumer's price (.zip) (53.8MB)
Embodied global-energy/emission intensity based on a producer's price introduced above is converted to that on a consumer's price basis by including domestic transportations and sales margins. All of the intermediate sectors and final demand sectors are defined as a consumer. The file is compressed in the zip format and unzip is needed to open the data which is compiled in the MS-Excel format (.xlsx)
