This Report presents Japan’s institutional arrangement for the national greenhouse gas inventory preparation, the estimation methods of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from sources and sinks, the trends in emissions and removals for greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2); methane (CH4); nitrous oxide (N2O); hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)) from 1990 to 2012, in accordance with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol.